CAPACIDAD DE ADHESIÓN A MOCO DE CORAL DE BACTERIAS AISLADAS DE Pocillopora sp. Y Porites panamensis DEL SUROESTE DEL GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v34i1.229Palabras clave:
holobionte, microbiota, dot-blot, Bacillus, colonizaResumen
El estudio de la microbiota en corales es de fundamental importancia para un mejor entendimiento de los procesos que determinan su asociación con el holobionte, sin embargo, aún se conoce poco acerca de los mecanismos básicos de dicha asociación. En esta investigación el objetivo fue aislar a partir de corales sin signos aparentes de enfermedad, las bacterias predominantes de la comunidad, determinar su capacidad de adhesión al moco producido por Pocillopora sp. e identificarlas molecularmente. Se recolectaron corales de los géneros Pocillopora sp. y P. panamensis, se cuantificó la población de cuatro grupos de microorganismos (expresados como Log de UFC g-1): bacterias mesófilas aerobias (4.7 - 6.4), bacterias ácido lácticas (Ë‚1.0-5.8), bacterias del género Vibrio (Ë‚1.0-4.5), así como hongos y levaduras (Ë‚1.0-3.6). Se aislaron 156 cepas bacterianas del holobionte homogeneizado y se seleccionaron aquellas con mayor crecimiento a las 24 h para el ensayo de adhesión, que consistió en 25 cepas de Pocillopora sp. y 27 de Porites panamensis. El ensayo de adhesión al extracto crudo de moco de Pocillopora sp., marcado enzimáticamente con HRP mostró que el 82 % de las cepas se adhieren. Se extrajo ADN de todas las cepas, sin embargo, con los oligonucleótidos universales utilizados se obtuvieron productos de PCR solo de 32. Se identificaron molecularmente 14 de Pocillopora sp. y 18 de P. panamensis con base en la secuenciación y análisis del gen 16S DNAr. Las cepas identificadas correspondieron a 17 especies, donde predominó el género Bacillus, con 64 % en Pocillopora sp. y 44 % en P. panamensis. Las especies de bacterias que comparten estos corales son B. subtilis y Staphylococcus hominis. Se sugiere que las especies identificadas adherentes tienen la capacidad de colonizar el moco del coral, son comensales y potencialmente benéficas, debido a que fueron aisladas de corales aparentemente sanos.
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