Pseudo-nitzschia cf. brasiliana (Bacillariophyceae) del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano: cultivo y respuesta fisiológica a diferentes concentraciones de nitratos en condiciones de laboratorio

Vanessa Herrera Pérez; Lorena María Durán Riveroll

doi:10.37543/oceanides.v34i2.255

Autores/as

Vanessa Herrera Pérez Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza
Lorena María Durán Riveroll Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v34i2.255

Palabras clave:

ácido domoico, complejo P. americana, nitratos, Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano

Resumen

Los Florecimientos Algales Nocivos (FAN) de especies productoras de toxinas pueden afectar a diversos organismos. Varias especies del género Pseudo-nitzschia producen ácido domoico (AD), una neurotoxina que ocasiona, entre otros síntomas, la pérdida de memoria anterógrada. Dentro del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV), se han reportado especies tóxicas de este género, y actualmente el sistema presenta un incremento en la concentración de compuestos inorgánicos, situación que podría favorecer la ocurrencia de FAN de organismos de este y otros géneros potencialmente nocivos. El objetivo del trabajo fue aislar células de Pseudo-nitzschia, establecer cultivos para su identificación morfotaxonómica y analizar si la concentración de nitratos en el medio de cultivo se relaciona directamente con el crecimiento y la producción de AD en condiciones de laboratorio. Para ello, se realizaron cultivos con diferentes concentraciones de nitratos (98.9 µM, 1,978.2 µM, y 3,956.4 µM) y se evaluó la producción de toxinas por cromatografía de líquidos acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem (LC-MS/MS). La determinación morfotaxonómica se realizó con microfotografía electrónica de barrido y de transmisión. Se determinó que los aislados pertenecen al complejo P. americana, y se reporta como Pseudo-nitzschia cf. brasiliana. A pesar de que los análisis de toxinas resultaron negativos, se comprobó que esta especie sobrevive en múltiples regímenes de nutrientes en un estado cambiante. Adicionalmente, en algunos cultivos se observó la coexistencia de P. cf. brasiliana con diatomeas del género Minidiscus, las cuales, después de un tiempo, desplazaron por completo a P. cf. brasiliana. Dentro del PNSAV se han registrado diversas especies del género Pseudo-nitzschia, sin embargo, este es el primer análisis autoecológico y toxinológico sobre el género en esta zona.

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