Climate effects in Abalone and Spiny lobster fisheries in Baja California, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v33i2.219Keywords:
Baja California, climate, Mexico, abalone fishery, lobster fisheryAbstract
The abalone and lobster fisheries on the western coast of Baja California are economic activities of
great importance to the fishing communities settled along that coast. Its historical production from 1950 to 2001
shows opposite trends. In the case of the lobster, the catch is upwards, while that of the abalone shows a continuous
downward trend, in addition to presenting minor oscillations. As a hypothesis, it is proposed that both the trend
and the oscillations are due to the variation of the fishing effort and the environment acting simultaneously. Therefore, with the aim of weighing the sources of variability, a multiple correlation analysis was applied, considering additionally the seasonal and decennial effects. As environmental variables, indices were used: Multivariate
ENSO (MEI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Oscillation Gyre Pacific North (OGPN), and local variables
such as the Upwelling Index (U) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The results indicate that, in the case of
abalone, the downward trend of the catch and its variability are better explained by the environment; on the other
hand, in the case of lobster, the fishing effort turned out to be the most important factor. The minor oscillations are
also related to strong El Niño events for both resources.
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