Shell shape analyses of Anadara tuberculosa as a pollution indicator in mangroves.
Shell shape of A. tuberculosa and contamination in mangroves.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v38i2.286Keywords:
metales pesados, bivalvos, bioindicador, morfometría geométricaAbstract
Mangroves are highly productive and essential ecosystems for numerous species. However, they have suffered significant losses due to the allocation of areas for industrial purposes, such as aquaculture and agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine if the variation in the shell shape of Anadara tuberculosa is related to the concentration of Cd and Pb in the soft tissue. Specimens were collected from three mangrove locations in mainland Ecuador. The Esmeraldas locality was used as a control site due to its low pollution index compared to the Guayas and El Oro sites, two provinces with a history of heavy metal contamination. Cartesian coordinates and geometric morphometrics methods were used to analyze the variation and variability of the shape of the right valve of A. tuberculosa. Canonical variable analysis indicated significant differences among the three locations, with the maximum shape variation located in the right portion of the shell. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the tissue did not exceed the maximum allowable limit, although Guayas recorded the highest Cd concentration, approaching the limit. In terms of variability, Esmeraldas showed the highest value of morphological disparity. However, paired comparisons of disparity values between the control site and the locations with high Cd levels were not significant. Esmeraldas exhibited the most dissimilar shape in terms of partial disparity. These results suggest that heavy metal concentration leads to variation in the shape of the valve of A. tuberculosa, which is useful for distinguishing between study sites. The findings emphasize the need to monitor Cd levels in A. tuberculosa populations in the Guayas and El Oro provinces in order to conserve the mangrove ecosystem.
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