A multi-species microalgae bloom in Bahia de La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico (June 2008).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v24i1.50Keywords:
Bloom, Myrionecta rubra, Gyrodinium instriatum, Katodinium glaucum, heterotrophic dinoflagellates, ebridians, silicoflagellates, Gulf of CaliforniaAbstract
Red tide patches were observed in Bahía de La Paz in June 17 and 18 of 2008. According to temperature and wind data this bloom occurred under upwelling-like conditions. Examination of the red tide samples showed the ciliate Myrionecta rubra and the naked dinoflagellates Gyrodinium instriatum and Katodinium glaucum as the main species responsible for this bloom. Total density (microalgae and ciliate) at the sampling stations was similar on both days, varying from 4607 × 103 cells L-1 to 4976 × 103 cells L-1 on the first day, and from 4172 × 103 cells L-1 to 5024 × 103 cells L-1 on the second day. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) observed during the first day of the bloom was 1.5 mg m-3. Dinoflagellates and diatoms were the most numerically important phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community showed a high species
richness, particularly heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ebridians. The ecological importance of the
heterotrophic component of naked dinoflagellates and the ebriids for this bay is discussed.
Downloads
References
Alonso-Rodríguez, R., J. L. Ochoa & M.U. Alcocer. 2005. Grazing of heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Mcartney) Kofoid on Gymnodinium catenatum Graham. Rev. Lat.-Amer. Microbiol., 47(1-2): 6-10.
Anderson, D.M. & B.A. Keafer. 1985. Dinoflagellate cyst dynamics in coastal and estuarine waters, 219-224. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (Eds.). Toxic Dinoflagellates. Proc. 3rd International Conf., Elsevier, New York.
Avancini, M., A.M. Cicero, I. Di Girolamo, M. Innamorati, E. Magaletii, T. Sertorio-Zunini. 2006. Guida al riconoscimiento del plancton dei mari italiani, Vol. 1 - Fitoplancton. Ministerio dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare - ICRAM, Roma, 503 pp.
Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., Bischok, J.L., 2003. A 2000-yr-long record of climate from the Gulf of California, 11-21. In: West, G.J., & N.L. Blomquist (Eds.), Proceedings of the Nineteenth Pacific Climate Workshop, Asilomar, Pacific Grove, CA, Ma-6, 2002. Technical Report 71, Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary, Sacramento, CA.
De Silva-Dávila, R. & R. Palomares-García. 2002. Distributional patterns of the euphausiid community in Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico, 109-125. In: Hendrickx M.E. (Ed.). Contributions to the study of the East Pacific crustaceans. ICMyL, UNAM, México.
Dodge, J. D. 1982. Marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles. HM Stat. Office, London. 303 pp.
Elbrächter, M. 1979. On the taxonomy of unarmored dinophytes (Dinophyta) from the Northwest African upwelling region. 'Meteor' Forschungs. Reihe, 30, 1-22.
Fukuyo, Y. 2000. Atlas of dinoflagellates (ver. 1.5 / Nov. 1). Electronic version.
Fukuyo, Y., H. Takano, M. Chihara & K. Matsuoka. 1990. Red tide organisms in Japan. An illustrated taxonomic guide. Uchida Rokakuho. Tokyo. 407 p.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I. & G. Verdugo-Díaz. 2001. Checklist of marine phytoplankton in a subtropical lagoon system in Baja California Sur, México from 1980 to 1989, 30: 255-270. In: Rushton, B.S., P. Hackney & C. Tyrie (Eds.). Biological collections and biodiversity. Linnean Society Occasional Publications 3, Linnean Society of London, Westbury Publishing.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I. & M.S. Muñetón-Gómez. 2008. Bloom of Peridinium quinquecorne Abé in La Ensenada de La Paz, Gulf of California (July 2003). Acta Bot. Mex., 83: 33-47. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm83.2008.1059
Gárate-Lizárraga, I., M. L. Hernández-Orozco, C. Band-Schmidt & G. Serrano-Casillas. 2001. Red tides along the coasts of Baja California Sur, México (1984 to 2001). CICIMAR Oceánides, 16(2): 127-134.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I., C.J. Band-Schmidt, R. Cervantes-Duarte & D.G. Escobedo-Urías. 2002. Mareas rojas de Mesodinium rubrum (Lohmann) Hamburger y Budenbrock ocurridas en el Golfo de California durante el invierno de 1998. Hidrobiológica. 12(1): 15-20.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I., M. S. Muñetón-Gómez & V. Maldonado-López. 2006. Florecimiento del dinoflagelado Gonyaulax polygramma frente a la Isla Espíritu Santo, Golfo de California (Octubre-2004). Rev. Invest. Mar., 27(1):31-39.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I., C.J., Band-Schmidt, J.J., Bustillos-Guzmán & D.J., López-Cortés, D.J. 2007. Bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California (June-July 2006) Harmful Algae News, Paris, France. 32:6-7.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I., C. J. Band-Schmidt, & T. Grayeb del Alamo. 2008a. Myrionecta, Gyrodinium and Katodinium bloom in Gulf of California. Harmful Algae News, Paris, France, 37:6-7.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I. Pérez-Cruz, B. Díaz-Ortíz, J. & C. J. Band-Schmidt. 2008b. Microalgas y biotoxinas marinas en las costas mexicanas. Conversus, 9:22-26.
Gómez-Valdés, J., J.A. Delgado & J.A. Dwora. 2003. Overtides, compound tides, and tidal-residual current in Ensenada de La Paz lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Geof. Inter., 42(4):623-634. https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2003.42.4.316
Hansen, P.J. 1991. Quantitative importance and trophic role of heterotrophic. dinoflagellates in a coastal pelagic food web. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 73:253-261. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps073253
Hansen, P. J. & A.J. Calado, 1999. Phagotrophic mechanisms and prey selection in free-living dinoflagellates. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 46: 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04617.x
Hansen, G. & J. Larsen. 1992. Dinoflagellater i danske farvande, 45-155. In: Thomsen, H. A. (Ed.). Plankton i de indre danske farvande. Havforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen, Copenhagen.
Hargraves, P.E. 2002. The ebridian flagellates Ebria and Hermesium. Plank. Biol. Ecol., 49: 9-16.
Hargraves, P.E. & B.T. Miller. 1974. The ebridian flagellate Hermesium adriaticum Zach. Arch. Protistenk., 116: 280-284.
Hasle, G.R. 1978. The inverted-microscope method. 88-96. In: Sournia, A. (Ed.) Phytoplankton manual. UNESCO, Paris.
Hickey, B.M. 1998. Coastal oceanography of western North America from the tip of Baja California to Vancouver Island, 345-393. En: K.H Brink & A.R. Robinson (Eds.). The Sea, Vol. 11. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Hoppenrath, M. & B.S. Leander. 2006. Ebriid phylogeny and the expansion of the Cercozoa. Protist, 157(3): 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2006.03.002
Hulburt, E.M. 1957. The taxonomy of unarmored Dinophyceae of shallow embayments on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Biol. Bull., 112: 196-219. https://doi.org/10.2307/1539198
Irigoien, X., J. Titelman, R. P. Harris, D. Harbour & C. Castellani. 2003. Feeding of Calanus finmarchicus nauplii in the Irminger Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 262:193-200. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps262193
Iwataki M., H. Kawami & K. Matsuoka. 2007. Cochlodinium fulvescens sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new chain forming unarmored dinoflagellate from Asian coasts. Phycol. Res., 55:231-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2007.00466.x
Kofoid, C. A. & O. Swezy 1921. The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. Mem. Univ. Calif., vol. 5, Univ. Calif. Press. Berkeley, California, U.S.A. 562 pp.
Lebour, M.V. 1925. The dinoflagellates of Northern Seas. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K., Plymouth. 250 pp.
López-Cortés, D.J., J.J. Bustillos-Guzmán & I. Gárate-Lizárraga. 2006. Unusual mortality of krill in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. Pac. Science. 60 (2):235-242. https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2006.0010
López-Cortés, D. J., I. Gárate-Lizárraga, J.J. Bustillos-Guzmán & F. Hernández-Sandoval. 2008. Blooms of Myrionecta rubra in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California, during early summer of 2005. CICIMAR Oceánides, 23 (1,2): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v23i1-2.39
Lindholm, T. 1985. Mesodinium rubrum - a unique photosynthetic ciliate. Adv. Aquat. Microbiol., 3: 1-48.
Matsuyama, Y., M. Miyamoto & Y. Kotani. 1999. Grazing impacts of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii on a bloom of Gymnodinium catenatum. Aqua. Microb. Ecol., 17: 91-98. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame017091
Morquecho-Escamilla, L. & C.H. Lechuga-Devéze. 2003. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Bahía de Concepción, Gulf of California. Bot. Mar., 46: 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2003.014
Morquecho-Escamilla, L. & R. Alonso-Rodríguez. 2008. First record of Cochlodinium fulvescens in Mexican Pacific. Harmful Algae News, Paris, France. 37:5-6.
Murray, D. 1982. Paleo-oceanography of the Gulf of California based on silicoflagellates from marine varved sediments. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 129 p.
Murray, D. & H. Schrader. 1983. Distribution of silicoflagellates in plankton samples from the Gulf of California. Mar. Micropal., 7:517-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(83)90013-0
Roden, G. I. & G. W. Groves. 1959. Recent oceanographic investigations in the Gulf of California. J. Mar. Res., 18(1): 10-35.
Sanders, R.W. & S.A. Wickham. 1993. Planktonic protozoa and metazoa: predation, food quality and population control. Mar. Microb. Food Webs. 7:197-223.
Schiller, J. 1933. Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae). Teil 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig. 617 p.
Schiller, J. 1937. Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae). Teil 2. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig. 590 p.
Steidinger, K. & K. Tangen. 1997. Dinoflagellates, 387-589. In: Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Acad. Press, Inc., San Diego, California, USA. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012693018-4/50005-7
Throndsen, J. 1997. The planktonic marine flagellates, 591-729. In: Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012693018-4/50007-0
Utermöhl, H. 1958. Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen phytoplankton-methodik. Mitt Int. Ver. Limnol., 9: 38.
https://doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1958.11904091
Weston, K., N. Greenwood, L. Fernand, D.J. Pearce & D.B. Sivyer. 2008. Environmental controls on phytoplankton community composition in the Thames plume, U.K. J. Sea Res., 60: 246-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2008.09.003
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 I. Gárate-Lizárraga, C. J. Band-Schmidt, F. Aguirre-Bahena, T. Grayeb del Alamo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
